According to the College Board, this domain "Tests your understanding of proportional relationships, percentages, and probability + using data to analyze and solve problems."

This mainly consists of:

Ratios, proportions, and rates
Interpreting and analyzing datasets, tables, and charts
Interpreting and analyzing line graphs and scatter plots
Probability
Percentages
Surveys and sampling

Ratios, proportions, and rates

Problems under this category generally fall under one of the following types:

Calculations based on rates
Unit conversions and calculations
Calculating values from ratios, or ratios from values

Data Sets, Tables, and Charts

You may be presented with a data set, table, or chart, and asked to do some of the following:

Extract data or information
Calculate or compare statistical properties
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
- Range
- Standard deviation
Analyze trends and patterns
Make predictions from it

Line Graphs and Scatter Plots

You may be presented with a line graph or scatter plot, and asked to do some of the following:

Estimate a line of best fit
Extract data or information
Calculate the rate of change
Identify best model to represent a function or data set

Percentages

Percentage problems are fairly common on the SAT. The most important applications to be prepared for are:

Percent "of" a number
Percent increase and decrease
Original value before percentage change
Percentages to ratios and ratios to percentages

Probability

Probability questions don't pop up very frequently on the SAT. Generally, when they do show up, they will fall under one of the following categories:

Basic probability concepts
Conditional probability

You should be prepared to calculate probabilities from word problems and data tables.

Surveys and sampling

Some questions will discuss a survey or sample taken from a subset of a population, and ask you to make inferences based on the sample. You should be familiar with the following concepts: